This is an article that goes into explaining what permanent makeup is, who uses it, what it can be used for and goes into a little history. Read it if you are curious about getting, or intrigued with the phenomena of, permanent makeup.

Are you not entirely happy with how your face looks, but not unhappy enough to "do something stupid", like undergo a surgery? Then permanent makeup might be something for you to consider. A failure here is less critical than it would have been with for example botox, as it can be removed; if botox "goes wrong" the recorrection can possibly make it worse.
It is usually called permanent cosmetics, but also goes under the names micropigmentation, cosmetic tattooing and dermapigmentation. Cosmetic tattooing might be a good name, as tattooing is exactly what it is.

Permanent makeup resembles, but is a permanent variant of, the makeup on lips, face and eyelids. It can be used to cover ugly scars and such things on your face.

But it is not entirely superficial as it is also sometimes used to make artificial eyebrows for post cancer victims and those that either suffer from other diseases, such as paralysis or blindness, that keep them from doing their own makeup.

Permanent makeup has been around for a long while - almost a hundred years - but at first the tattooers did not even tell their customers that they tattooed them.

In some countries permanent makeup is completely prohibited - in others you need license to do it. In for example Australia the tattooer can not call it makeup as, just like all tattoos do, it fades over time.